Understanding the Modbus Energy Meter: A Comprehensive Guide

In the modern-day world, one of the foremost factors contributing to an individual’s multi-faceted growth is efficient energy consumption, which makes accurate energy monitoring a necessity. Now, the Modbus energy meter emerges as an effective tool for business and industry that seeks a detailed understanding of energy consumption in a facility. This also includes controlling power distribution or minimizing relevant expenditures; knowing how these instruments work can improve service delivery and contribute positively to the environment. This paper serves as a step-by-step guide on the Modbus energy meter elaborating basic concepts, important aspects, and how it fits into the fabric of modern energy systems. By the end of this article, you will understand why Modbus energy meters form the foundations of better energy usage and management systems for modern infrastructures.

What is a Modbus Meter and How Does it Work?

A Modbus meter is an energy meter that uses the Modbus communication protocol to measure voltage, current, power, and electricity consumption. It connects to energy management systems or building automatic systems for data monitoring and analysis. These meters capture electrical measurements in real time and communicate them over the network to multiple devices. Modbus metering offers standardized documentation levels that are non-fail-safe and provide accuracy on energy usage and data that would help decision-making in energy management.

Introduction to Modbus Protocol in Metering

Due to its interoperability, reliability, and ease of use across different devices, the Modbus protocol is widely preferred for metering applications. It enables communication between the meters and the control systems by providing a clear and well-structured format to pass information. Its features include:

• Interoperability: It guarantees appropriate integration of devices from various manufacturers, making it more suitable for energy management systems.
• Data Precision: It enables real-time accurate measurement transfer; hence, the voltage, current, power, and energy levels reach a stable and reliable reliability level.
• Scalability: From individual meter deployments to complex systems with many devices Modbus supports networks from small to big systems.
• Ease of Implementation: The resources needed for the implementation and usage of the protocol are minimal, which makes it cost-effective.

These characteristics enable the use of Modbus as a keystone in metering to enhance operational efficiency and precision monitoring.

How Modbus Communication Enhances Meter Efficiency

Modbus communication is central to enhancing the efficiency of metering systems as it allows for the accurate functionality of a system through smooth data transfer. One great merit that Modbus assures is communication in both directions between the meters and the supervisor who oversees them. This guarantees data gathering, commands to be issued, or other essential details to be recuperated on a real-time basis.

For example, any energy management application would benefit from the modification of integrating Modbus-enabled meters for precise measurements and improved functionality with energy monitoring devices. Through effective load distribution and prompt fault identification, it has been indicated that a 15 percent reduction in energy use is attainable in industrial settings with the help of Modbus-supported systems. Furthermore, Modbus allows for greater capacity in utilizing predictive analytics tools, thereby averting unnecessary equipment power failures.

The other remarkable advantage of Modbus is its use in conjunction with RS-485 and Ethernet interfaces, which allows it to be deployed in different IoT settings. The shift to smart metering has only placed more Modbus functionality at the fingertips as meter data from different networks can be integrated together for customization of settings such as the reporting process in utility and even industrial applications.

Moreover, the low data error rate of the protocol, in addition to its ability to cope with complicated networks, guarantees high reliability and accuracy of the received information. In any case of monitoring water, gas, or electricity, Modbus communication makes things easier by streamlining tasks, cutting expenses, and allowing for high accuracy control in metering devices.

Benefits of Modbus Power Meters in Energy Management

Insightful Energy Management

• To facilitate managers’ appropriate electricity usage, performance data from Modbus power meters provides them with rich details on their energy consumption, enabling users to correct any deficiencies that appear.

Seamless SCADA Implementation

• Through the use of these Meters, users are able to monitor and control the distribution and consumption of energy centrally, as these are designed to integrate seamlessly with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.

Cost Effectiveness    

• With the ability to monitor energy consumption in real-time and even predict it, usage peaks can be detected and operational activity modified during those times, helping reduce energy costs. The timely detection of overusage also helps in avoiding high costs.

Enhanced Network Communication 

• With various devices fitted within a network, communication errors are minimal as these meters utilize the Modbus protocol to enhance the accuracy and reliability of data exchange over longer distances, enabling smooth operation within industrial settings.

Power Meter Support on Load Management 

• Trending periods on electricity and power usage can be measured by load metrics pomocory, and used to assist in using the graphs to load management, this greatly helps in overload avoid system failures. This strategy significantly lowers the average operational and equipment costs.

Flexibility and Scalability

• Integrating Modbus power meters into current energy management systems requires almost no alterations, making it a cost-efficient and time-saving feature that is easy to upscale, system-wise. Such implementation gives enterprises the ability to reorganize or expand their systems with ease and market flexibility.

Improved Predictive Maintenance

• A key feature of Modbus power meters is that they are able to perform analytics on power consumption, coupled with fault detection, which gives a smart edge to power management systems. Any form of abnormality can be flagged at the earliest stage, which decreases the chances of equipment malfunctioning, which would lead to expensive and extensive repair services.

Regulatory Compliance

• Modbus power meters provide monitoring and detailed reporting, which enables compliance with stringent energy regulations while decreasing the chances of facing penalties and increasing the chance of promoting sustainable energy sources in the world.

Cost-cutting measures can only be complemented alongside sustainability efforts when incorporating Modbus power meters with a power system due to the fact that they bring overwhelming efficiency, reliability, and control to the table.

How to Install and Set Up a Modbus Power Meter

Installation Process of a Modbus Energy Meter

Choose a Suitable Location

• Make sure that the Modbus power meter is installed in a dry and properly ventilated place. The area needs to be in close proximity to the system that is going to be monitored and must be sufficiently safe and secure for easy access.

Check the Power Requirements

• Check the energy meter’s current and voltage parameters. Confirm that the energy meter is suitable for and does not harm the electrical system and its components or provide false readings.

Secure the Meter

• Use a DIN rail or an enclosure to firmly affix the power meter to the wall in accordance with the directions given by the manufacturer. Ensure that all safety protocols are observed when installing the equipment.

Connect Electrical Wires

• Follow the schematic to connect the wiring. Connect the required voltage lines, current transformers (CTs), and ground wire. Connections should be checked and verified to eliminate chances of errors.

Establish Communication Wiring

• In the case of Modbus communication, wires containing RS-485 cables are to be connected to communication terminals. Using appropriate polarization and correct wiring for the terminals will ensure there are no communication failures.

Verify Connections

• Before the system is charged, scan all the connections. Check to make sure that no wires are loose and that all the terminals are screwed.

Power On and Test the Device

• Put the power meter on standby and check if it is operational. If possible, utilize diagnostic instruments or software to check whether data is relayed on the Modbus network.

Setup and Adjustment

• Make the necessary changes to the meter parameters and add communication settings, for example, baud rate, parity, and slave ID, if required. For precision monitoring, calibrate the device as well.

These details guarantee the efficient installation of a Modbus power meter. Device-specific instructions can always be found in the manufacturer’s manual.

Configuring Modbus RTU for Optimal Performance

When configuring a Modbus RTU, it’s important to take a good look at communication parameters, the quality of the connection, and what kind of devices are compatible. Here are some steps and what to take into consideration in detail:

Check Proper Wiring

• Check if all RS-485 or RS-232 connections have been made correctly. It’s important to use twisted pair cable when wiring offense with RS-485 devices; this will allow for decreased EMI. For RS-485 networks, only a maximum cable length of 1,1200 meters can be used as per TIA/EIA-485-A standards, and proper termination should be done using 120-ohm resistors at both ends of the bus.

Set Communication Parameters

• All the devices that are going to be used on a Modbus network should be configured to have the same communication parameters. These parameters include the baud rate, parity (even, odd, or none), the number of data bits (usually 8 bits), stop bits (1 or 2), and device addresses. A baud rate of 9600 or 19200bps is commonly used for Modbus RTU networks, and higher rates can be used if the system requires it and depending on the electromagnetic environment.

Taking Network Latency into Account

• These settings also include how long a time out is taken and the setting for how many times a signal is sent before it gets a reply. If the master device is connected to multiple devices with long communication cables, the master device’s timeout settings must be adjusted to a higher value to take into consideration the lag that is caused by slow signals.

Optimize Device Addressing

• In order to avoid addressing conflict, every slave on the network has been assigned a unique slave ID. Modbus RTU allows a maximum of 247 devices onboard, but this number is often restricted in practice owing to, e.g., the limitations of the hardware and communication bandwidth.

Error Handling and Data Validation

• Activate the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) error-checking feature in order to identify the corrupted data packets. The combination of appropriate Master devices’ error-handling mechanisms assures intact data and corrects anomalies in communication.

Monitor Signal Quality

• Signal oscilloscopes and network analyzers should be used in diagnosing the network hardware to determine ampli­ tube distortion and other types of performance degrading issues such as signal reflections, voltage drops, and interference.

Implement Best Practices for Grounding

• Appropriate grounding practices reduce noise and enhance the degree of certainty in communication. Soldering of the shield drain wire to a designated ground point, preferably close to the Master device, avoids ground loops.

If the pointers mentioned above are incorporated into the Modbus RTU system, effective and reliable communication can achieve data accuracy and minimum downtime. During the installation phase, the setup must always be validated by communicating between devices.

Troubleshooting Common Issues in Modbus Communication

There are some problems that can arise when using Modbus RTU communication systems that affect performance and data transfer. They must first be addressed with the list of possible Modbus communication problems presented below.

Inadequate Communication Between Devices

• Reason: Wrong physical setup or failure to put termination resistors.
• Answer: Please check to see if the A and B lines (D+ and D-) are properly connected and in the same wiring sequence for both machines. Confirm that the Modbus network has the appropriate termination resistors at both ends.

Data Synch Errors or Corrupted Messages

• Reason: Electrical fluctuations or wrong baud rate values.
• Answer: Check the cabling for potential external interference, such as power cables or small motors, and avoid unshielded cable usage. Check the baud rates, parities, stop bits, and all other communication settings for devices onboard the network to prevent inconsistencies and irreconcilable discrepancies between settings across devices.

Always On Devices Not Responding To Polling

• Reason: Failing configuration of slave IDs or addresses.
• Answer: Check that only one Slave ID has been enabled on each device, and make sure the slave IDs of all polling commands have been configured to be the target device’s ID.

Network Latency or Delay in Data Access

• Reason: Many devices, a high baud rate, or long cable run lengths.
• Answer: Cut down network size, tailor baud rate settings or use repeaters for longer cable runs to maintain signal quality.

Ground Loops/Digital Noise

• Cause: Poor or multiple earthing connections.
• Solution: To stop ground loops, ensure the shield drain wire has an earthing point and that this point is usually on the master device.

Communication Interval Exceeded Errors 

• Cause: Discrepancy of the communication intervals set or lag in sending the communications.
• Solution: Please modify the timeout parameter found in the configuration of the master device so as to cater to the time that is expected from the slave devices.

Device One Configurations Do Not Match Device Two

• Cause: The set parameters are wrong or there is incompatibility of devices.
• Solution: Go through all device system configurations once more; at least some of the said parameters include RTU/ASCII protocol, baud rate, and parity. Sometimes, it is necessary to upgrade the firmware of the devices so as to make sure that they are compatible.

Through the analysis of the above issues and the implementation of their solutions, the Modbus RTU communication systems will always enjoy efficient and dependable performance. It will ensure that regular maintenance and routine tests are done so that the recurrent problems and the strength of the system can be improved.

What are the Key Features of a Modbus Power Meter?

Understanding Voltage and Current Measurement

Measuring voltage and current can be described as the primary functions of a Modbus power meter which is expected to enable the monitoring of electrical equipment in an accurate manner. Voltage measurement can be defined as the process of determining the potential difference across two points in a circuit, while current measurement is the process of determining the flow of electrical charge through a conductor. Such measurements are useful in assessing the performance of a system, locating some shortcomings, and maintaining safety. Modbus power meters offer precise, up-to-date information, thus assisting in energy management and diagnosis of faults in both industrial and commercial settings.

The Role of Data Logging in Energy Measurement

The storing, retrieving, and analyzing of electrical parameters via data logging systems is very essential. Through effective use of data loggers, precise measures of voltage, current, power consumption, and peak loads can be taken. As a result of this, both industrial and commercial entities can assess patterns in energy consumption and consider ways to cut costs.

While monitoring energy usage in real-time and taking a look at the historical data, it has been discovered that energy loss can be reduced by as much as 15, for instance. Maintenance scheduling and energy-conserving technologies can be used when equipment inefficiencies or high consumption windows are established. More so, monitoring energy-related equipment and ensuring that any Renewable Energy Systems like Wind and Solar performance to strict standards is possible, for example, through data logging.

Data loggers nowadays largely support remote monitoring and analytics via integration with IoT platforms. Because of data storage for long periods and the use of cloud-age platform data, credible insights that can work toward sustainability and cost management can be generated. This means that data logging systems also provide a systemized application of energy management strategies in both commercial and industrial sectors.

Exploring the Benefits of Pulse Output in Meters

Energy management and monitoring have been significantly transformed with the introduction of pulse output in meters as it provides a more efficient way to measure utility consumption on a real-time basis. As a result, accurate data is collected in a reasonable amount of time, which is very useful for complicated systems that require in-depth statistics of consumption. Given below are the advantages of pulse output in meters:

Increased Measurement Accuracy

• Pulse outputs record usage in short increments, which involves a low risk of error in taking readings over long durations, whether it be for short or long-term usage.

Integration with Monitoring Applications

• Most pulse output meter models can be efficiently integrated with available data loggers or other devices used for monitoring to enhance reporting and simplify the data collection process.

Support for Real-Time Monitoring

• Pulse output meters are very useful when it comes to instantaneous management of unusual consumption that can ultimately enhance operational efficiency.

Cost Reduction in Energy Management

• There is no additional infrastructure needed to enhance performance, which reduces costs, and enabling pulse outputs allows sub-division of information, further aiding to enhance performance.

Integration of Multiple Metered Networks

• There is high scalability of both large and small networks and integrating pulse output technology into extensive setups within a complex is possible.

Support for Demand-Side Management

• Users are able to efficiently manage energy consumption through peak/off-peak data with demand-side management techniques.

Utility Type Support

• The applicability of pulse outputs applies across the board to consumption such as electricity, water, and gas, making it a more functional option for the monitoring of universal consumption.

Employing the advantages of pulse output in meters greatly improves resource allocation strategies, effectuating sustainability and efficiency and minimizing costs in residential and industrial settings.

Why Choose a Modbus Energy Meter for Energy Monitoring?

The Importance of Real-Time Data Collection

According to the readings, it is of utmost importance to collect energy monitoring data in real-time as it presents data on the current energy consumption pattern immediately. This allows users to identify inefficiencies, find anomalies, and make educated decisions to optimize the energy consumed. Access to such up-to-the-minute data enables residential or industrial consumers to act quickly to modify their energy costs and to increase their operational efficiency. Quality real-time data aids in energy management, assuring sustainability and productivity balance.

Integrating Modbus Power with Energy Management Systems

The incorporation of Modbus power meters into energy management systems results in achievement of improved control and monitoring of processes through the communication link that helps energy consuming devices interact with the central management system. Modbus Drivers use practical communication protocols, which make them easy to use, qualified, and easy to maintain, placing devices in strategic positions across operations such as production sites, data centers, multi-story buildings, and others.

Modbus-operated devices obtain data such as voltage, current readings, power factor, and energy data consumption figures. Mod existing parameters can be linked together in the EMS system and examined for inefficiency, performance over time, and legal compliance. For, Pavlidis et al. convincingly demonstrate how technical solutions for monitoring energy use, when combined with the constant supply of Modbus information, can allow a decrease in the consumption of energy in factories by about 30%. This type of integration also allows fault prediction as data anomalies observed can warn practitioners before a breakdown occurs.

Furthermore, the available Modbus power meters are interfaced with RS-485 Modbus networks and wireless networks. This flexibility of deployment permits considerable cost savings in upgrading existing infrastructures. In tandem with modern analytical tools, the data from energy meters integrated through Modbus is quite expansive and assists with energy-saving strategies, enhancement of asset utilization, and helps in achieving long-term sustainability goals. Thus, the use of Modbus-compliant devices becomes a prerequisite for organizations that want to develop strong energy management systems.

Advantages for Three-Phase and Single-Phase Systems

The advantages of employing Modbus power meters cannot be overemphasized as they are equally beneficial in single and three-phase power systems. These advantages guarantee effective performance with accurate work and maximum efficiency:

Three-Phase Systems

Load Balancing Enhancement

• Integration of Modbus permits supervision of voltage and current of all three phases which facilitates load equalization and avoids phase shifting.

Data Monitoring with High Resolution

• It presents excellent detail metrics such as energy factor, harmonic distortion, and energy factors for each of the phases, facilitating effective energy analysis and diagnostics.

Improved Fault Detection

• Early detection of abnormal conditions in any of the phases prevents unplanned equipment damage and unscheduled outages.

Having the ability to scale for High Power applications

• Perfect for industrial power systems that require higher power, such systems enable appropriate scaling without deteriorating monitoring precision.

Single-phase Power Systems

Installation made easy

• Single-phase Modbus meters are easily available and can be configured for household purposes or small commercial businesses as they are straightforward to deploy.

Monitoring for Fitting Cost

• These meters allow the data needed for auditing energy and optimization at a lower price to smaller energy audit systems.

Final Adjustment to Use Strategy

• Timed energy tactics are based on detailed patterns of energy usage and, hence, are valuable in later stages.

Compatible with Expanding Infrastructure

• Single-phase systems are ideal for smaller systems, but for systems that have a future look for expansion, single-phase Modbus meters will serve well.

Using both kinds of systems with Modbus power meters assists an organization in achieving more efficient energy management, ensuring minimal downtime, and reducing operational costs. This flexibility highlights the importance of Modbus in different power system configurations.

How Does Data Logging Work in a Modbus RTU Power Setup?

Setting Up a Data Logger for Modbus Meters

To configure a data logger for Modbus meters, proceed with the following steps:

Wiring and Device Installation 

• Use the necessary communication interface for the Modbus, usually RS-232 and RS-485, to attach the data logger. During the connectivity, ensure that the wiring is as per the manufacturer’s guidelines to eliminate signal concerns.

Baud Rate and Address Configuration 

• Use the software to match the baud rate and Modbus address on the logger and the configured meter so that the two systems can communicate efficiently.

Installation and Configuration of Data Logger Software 

• Install data logger software onto a device and set the required parameters such as polling rate and the relevant data points.

Verification and Testing 

• Perform various tests to ensure that data is relayed properly from the Modbus measuring device to the logger, and to further verify this, look at sample data through the software.

In doing these steps, you would be able to put into place an efficient data logging system that is great in monitoring and analyzing energy that is consumed.

Analyzing Energy Consumption with Modbus Registers

To study energy consumption through the use of Modbus registers, my first step is to locate the relevant registers which contain information such as total energy quantity, current, and power. After that, I set up the software or data logger to request data from those registers at defined time intervals. The collected information allows me to estimate patterns of energy consumption, detect inefficiencies, and create comprehensive reports for subsequent assessments.

Utilizing Data Logging for Improved Energy Management

Real-time data logging of energy systems, analysis with the use of advanced analytics tools, and operation optimization bring improvement to energy management systems. In this regard, an organization achieves enhanced efficiency and better decision-making.

Using data logging, for instance, to track peak demand, load, and even the functioning of various devices can pinpoint areas where there are inefficiencies in operation. According to Research, an energy logging system that deploys advanced monitoring tools can lower energy usage by 20% at most, which is accomplished by identifying abnormalities such as phantom loads and old devices being used at the wrong times.

Moreover, the deployment of short logging intervals enables greater detail regarding energy usage, especially for fluctuations in energy consumption. Watching out for these events can be helpful, especially with short logging intervals, because regular data recording tools miss one-minute conditions such as voltage spikes and cycles of devices. In these situations, corrective actions like off-peak hour maintenance scheduling or load balancing while recording the data optimize energy use.

Moreover, the utilization of past information with predictive algorithms increases the precision of energy forecasts. Continuously analyzing the trends in data helps companies estimate future energy consumption and how to deal with the increasing reliance on renewable energy sources or how to manage variable pricing. This decreases operating expenses and helps to meet sustainability targets by using environmentally sound energy practices.

Gaining a competitive edge in the global marketplace also necessitates implementing accurate and timely data capture systems to convert untapped energy resources into capital investments.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What would you define a Modbus Energy Meter in terms of its operation?

A: From my perspective, a Modbus energy meter can be electrified as a digital power measurement device that makes use of the dividing ratio or the Modbus RTU protocol. The meter, in turn, records and tapes consumption of power, energy as well as a multitude of electrical parameters. ‘These meters’ can be mostly identified with an RS485 communication interface since it is designed to communicate with each other and with a data-collection facility, where data is centrally stored, for better management and automation of energy and industrial needs to be achieved.

Q: What determines a single-phase energy modbus from a single-phase energy modbus?

A: Single-phase energy Modbus is focused on home utilization of smaller commercial enterprises and is designed in a way where they would only measure power on a single line, while smaller firms can utilize three single-phase energy Modbus exclusively for one branch. 3 phase energy Modbus, in contrast, metrics a large or industrial commercial facility utilizing three different electrical charging lines. The use of three-phase meters has a manipulative balance where they can assist with the metrics data for industrial energy management.

Q: What gain does the Modbus RTU interface provide for energy monitoring?

A: The integration of Modbus RTU enables the connection of energy meters to already built-in industrial automation processes. It allows for the transfer of data in real-time, which allows data to be read from a good number of meters at once. This capability is extremely important for any type of business that is trying to control the usage of electricity, cut down on costs, and use economical energy management options at large-size facilities or numerous of them at the same time.

Q: What data parameters does a Modbus Energy Meter measure?

A: These Meters are able to measure numerous electrical metrics such as power factor, voltage and current, active power, reactive energy, and even the overall electricity consumed. Some high-grade models are also able to measure power fragmentation issues and harmonic fragmentation and even give off energy pulse outputs used for checking anomalies easily.

Q: How does a Modbus Energy Meter with an LCD display assist users?

A: A Modbus Energy Meter has a vision display that works as a visual confirmation of the electrical parameters that were selected. One can easily verify the existing current power utilization the voltage being utilized, or other such important information without plugging into a personal computer into the central system for monitoring. This kind of functionality is helpful to site technicians who are carrying out maintenance or troubleshooting.

Q: What is the role of RS485 communication in the Modbus Energy Meters?

A: Modbus Energy Meters feature the key component, the RS485 communication, which is perfect for data transfer over long distances with relatively low signal loss. This enables the daisy chaining of multiple meters in large industrial or multi-storied buildings. The RS485 RJ45 interface and the Modbus RTU protocol enable effective communication between the meters and the central monitoring system, facilitating the transfer of the data.

Q: How can Modbus Energy Meters assist in minimizing energy consumption in businesses?

A: Companies can access detailed patterns of energy consumption in their businesses via Modbus Energy Meters. In regard to the energy data received, businesses can determine the overconsumption of energy, improve in that area, and carry out energy-relevant strategies that would help to conserve energy and its wastage. The capability of the energy meters to monitor in real-time can also help identify issues or deficiencies within a short amount of time, which would help maintain the expenditure devoted to energy use.

Q: Which Modbus Energy Meters would you recommend for use in an industrial environment?

A: There are a number of reliable Modbus energy meters available for industrial use; one such model that comes out highly recommended is the Power Scout 24. This meter provides full energy monitoring, including power quality and multi-circuit monitoring verification. However, the choice of meter depends on certain application parameters, such as the number of circuits to be monitored, the granularity of the measurements, and the need to interwork with existing systems.

Reference Sources

1. Title: Probabilistic Framework for Fuzzy Logic-Based Soft Computing Approach for Smart Meters Cybersecurity

• Authors: Tijana Vlajic et al.
• Publication Date: March 17, 2023
• Abstract: The research investigates and motivates a practical challenge of SMs’ cyber security for real-world deployment. Such an expansive challenge can be daunting due to the complexity of designing and developing random access and random assignment control approaches. The study builds a robust foundation and captures the complexities and problems associated with SMs’ attack detection. In order to minimize the false alarm rate, the developed model uses fuzzy rules applied to Probabilistic Models. The computational aspects rely on parallel processing techniques to expedite the computing time without sacrificing the model’s accuracy for unique metrics developed for SMs.
• Methodology: This work relies on the soft logic control theory to design a smatic model for provisioning an intricate cyber security mechanism to detect, prevent, and respond to targeted attacks on SMs through the use of parallel computing(Hossain et al., 2023, pp. 559–564).

2. Title: Cyber Security Assessment of Smart Metering measures for E smart grid integration

• Authors: Vida Rajal et al.
• Publication Date: 1st May 2023
• Summary: This paper explains the 2MiCo approach in light of a semi-supervised constraint that exists in a tabular security dataset of a Modbus RS-485 system. It presents a triplet mixup strategy with the aim of improving the performance of attack detection machine learning models. Based on the results obtained, 2MiCo has better accuracy than other existing methods for both binary and multi-class datasets in the context of Modbus communication security enhancement.
• Methodology: The authors designed a semi-supervised learning framework that incorporates contrastive methods of learning with a data augmentation strategy, hence increasing the model strength to imbalanced data(Li et al., 2023, pp. 30–39).

3. Title: Security Solution on The Panel Connect for Operating the 7KT Smart Multi-Function Meter Using PLC and HMI through Modbus RTU

• Authors: Budi Triyono et al.
• Publication Date: 10 August, 2024
• Summary: This paper describes the design of protective device circuitry that is suitable for a smart multi-function meter that allows up to 512 devices or systems to be controlled in a PLC network over Modbus RTU communication. The device aims to provide protection to electrical assets from abnormal conditions, such as under normal and lightning strikes above normal, that is, over-voltage. The integration of smart meters with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) is found to be of great importance in controlling and monitoring.
• Methodology: The authors designed and implemented a system composed of a smart meter connected to a PLC that controls the electrical parameters and initiates a protective action when needed. This system was found to be more efficient in real-time monitoring (Triyono et al., 2024).

4. Title: Rancang Bangun Konverter Modbus RTU RS485 ke Modbus TCP/IP Berbasis ATMEGA2560 

• Authors: Yusuf Sofyan, Sofy Fitriani
• Publication Date: 30 May, 2023
• Summary of the Paper: We propose the design of a converter that allows Modbus RTU RS 485 devices to communicate with Modbus TCP IP networks. The converter also enables older Modbus devices to be connected to internet network infrastructure, thereby increasing the functionality of these devices in current settings.
• Methodology: The design and fabrication of the hardware converter were done using the ATMEGA2560 microcontroller, and its accuracy and reliability in data transmission between various Modbus protocols were confirmed (Sofyan & Fitriani, 2023).

5. Modbus

6. Electricity meter

7. Leading Din Rail Mounted Energy Meter Manufacturer in China